Regular expression metacharacters

Operator Effect
. Matches any single character.
? The preceding item is optional and will be matched, at most, once.
* The preceding item will be matched zero or more times.
+ The preceding item will be matched one or more times.
{N} The preceding item is matched exactly N times.
{N,} The preceding item is matched N or more times.
{N,M} The preceding item is matched at least N times, but not more than M times.
- represents the range if it's not first or last in a list or the ending point of a range in a list.
^ Matches the empty string at the beginning of a line; also represents the characters not in the range of a list.
$ Matches the empty string at the end of a line.
\b Matches the empty string at the edge of a word.
\B Matches the empty string provided it's not at the edge of a word.
\< Match the empty string at the beginning of word.
> Match the empty string at the end of word.
?(list) Matches zero or one occurrence of the given patterns.
*(list) Matches zero or more occurrences of the given patterns.
+(list) Matches one or more occurrences of the given patterns.
@(list) Matches one of the given patterns.
!(list) Matches anything except one of the given patterns.
  • ^ – Match only if the Following is at the Beginning of the Line
  • $ – Match only if the Previous is at the End of the Line
  • ? – Match the Previous 0 or 1 times (makes it optional)
  • . – Match any Single Character
    • – Match the Previous 0 or More Times
    • – Match the Previous 1 or More Times
  • (x) – Matches x and Remembers the match to be called using $1
  • (?:x) – Matches x but does Not remember the match
  • x(?=y) – Matches x Only if it is followed by y
  • x(?!y) – Matches x only if it is NOT followed by y
  • x|y – Matches x or y
  • [xyz] – Matches any character enclosed in the Brackets. Note: This matches X, or Y, or Z; it doesn’t match the string “xyz”.
  • xyz – Matches any character Except for those listed in the Brackets.
  • \ – “Escape” special characters. Thus \? literally matches ? not the Syntax Rule of “previous is option”.
  • \d \w \s – Matches and Digit (number), Alphabetic Character (letter) or White Space (space bar) respectively.
  • \D \W \S – Matches everything But a Digit, Character, or White Space respectively.

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